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If 16 is raised to the 1/2, it's the same as taking the square root. If it's raised to the 1/3, it's the same as taking the cube root. 1/4 means we take the fourth root, etc.
See page 104 in Math Essentials for more on this.
As for the way the steps work together:
We start with numerator = 2^3 * 6*2 and denominator = 18 * 16^(1/2)
2^3 becomes 8 6^2 becomes 36 18 stays 18 16^(1/2) becomes 4
Now, our numerator is 8 * 36 and our denominator is 18 * 4 The 8 and 4 cancel, leaving a 2 on top, and the 36 and 18 cancel, leaving another 2 on top. This gives us 4 as the final answer.
Veritas Prep
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